William (Chief White Warrior) McINTOSH, Jr. ¹

   Another name for William was Taskanugi Hatke (White Warrior).

  General Notes:

NOTES:
William McIntosh (Chief White Warrior) was one of the most prominent chiefs of the Creek Nation between the turn of the nineteenth century and the time of Creek removal to Indian Territory. He was a leader of the Lower Towns, the Creek who were adapting European-American ways and tools to incorporate into their culture.

He became a wealthy planter and slaveholder; and he was influential in both Creek and European-American society.

At his home, he was one of 9 Creek chiefs who signed the Treaty of Indian Springs in 1825, which sold all the remaining Creek land in Georgia to the United States in exchange for $200,000.

As a result, he was assassinated two months later at his home by the Creek National Council for his part in selling off all the Creek land in Georgia, which the Creek National Council viewed as an illegal breach of Creek Law, the Code of 1818. His son Chilly narrowly escaped execution himself that day by jumping out of the window.

The 1825 Treaty of Indian Springs was subsequently rescinded and deemed fraudulent by President John Quincy Adams, who signed another treaty with the Creek National Council (the 1826 Treaty of Washington) giving back the Creek Land in Georgia. However, Georgia Governor George Troup refused to abide by the new Treaty causing President Adams to send federal troops to enforce it. Governor Troup then called out the state militia forcing President Adams to withdraw his troops for fear of igniting a civil war. All Creek indians were subsequently forced to give up all their land in Georgia and leave the state.

The McIntosh Reserve, an outdoor recreation area along the Chattahoochee River located in Carroll County, Georgia, is named after William (Chief White Warrior) McIntosh, Jr.

GENEALOGY:
His grand-uncle was Lachlan McGillivray
His 1st cousin, once removed, was Alexander McGillivray

TIMELINE:
1814: McIntosh fought in support of General Andrew Jackson and state militias in the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, marking the defeat in 1814 of the Red Sticks and the end of the Creek War.
1816: Like other prominent chiefs, McIntosh worked closely with Benjamin Hawkins, the US Indian Supervisor in the Southeast for two decades until 1816.
1817: William Bowen bought 110 slaves for $25,000 and had them taken to the Indian agency in the Creek Nation in two batches: in December 1817 and January 1818.
1821: Under pressure from the United States and the state of Georgia, McIntosh and some Creek chiefs had ceded land in 1821.
1821: For his role in completing the cession in 1821, US agents awarded McIntosh 1,000 acres of land at Indian Springs and 640 acres on the Ocmulgee River.

  Research Notes:

-- Biography (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_McIntosh)
-- Biography (http://freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~cescott/parks/chief.html)
-- Biography (http://nativeamericanencyclopedia.com/william-mcintoshs-biography/)
-- Story of William McIntosh (http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/story/story_of_chief_william_mcintosh)
-- Treaty of Indian Springs of 1825 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Indian_Springs)
-- Washington Treaty of 1826 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Washington_%281826%29)
-- McIntosh Reserve (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McIntosh_Reserve)
-- Find A Grave, Memorial # 8764

William married Living

William next married Susannah (Su-gi) ROWE. (Susannah (Su-gi) ROWE was born in 1798, died in 1851 and was buried in Drew Cemetery, Marion County, Texas ³.)